Guest Post: Rupture discs vs buckling pin relief valves: a comparison
Buckling Pin Relief Valves (BPRFs) and rupture discs are widely used to protect against over-pressurisation in a range of applications. Information from ASME VIII Division I suggests the two are interchangeable — but which is best suited to your application? Here Elfab, a manufacturer of rupture discs, weighs up the pros and cons of both solutions:
Fatigue of device
Over time, devices can fatigue, leading to greater replacement and maintenance costs. But is this true of BPRFs and rupture discs?
Buckling pins are not subject to process conditions and buckle at the set point, so therefore cannot fatigue. Traditional, forward-acting rupture discs were more susceptible to this problem, however, the latest reverse-acting solutions outperform the original designs.
Reverse-acting discs benefit from 3% tolerances and have been tested to over one million life cycles. As such, this means there is little risk of fatigue in even the harshest operating conditions. Due to such advanced performance characteristics, some rupture discs are now offered with a 3-year warranty compared to the traditional 12 months.
Tolerances of devices
Buckling pins have become the obvious choice for those concerned about manufacturing, operating, temperature and set point tolerances, or those scenarios where operating as close to the set point as possible is critical.
Nowadays, buckling pins normally offer 95% to 98% maximum operating pressure, based on the set point. Where original rupture discs didn’t offer such characteristics, reverse-acting discs are available with 3% tolerances and 97% operating ratios. These tighter tolerances mean there is a less dramatic effect on the operation of the rupture disc due to temperature changes. Likewise, in many instances, stock can be rationalised dramatically, reducing purchasing costs.
Device corrosion
Corrosion can be problematic, as it increases the likelihood of a device failing and costs rising. For buckling pin relief valves, the pressure relieving part – the pin – is external to the process conditions, meaning relatively cost-effective materials can be used for this component as it will never be in contact with the process media. This ensures low repurchase costs and confidence that the product should not be affected by this problem.
Usually, the buckling pin valve is constructed from compatible materials for the process medium, normally carbon or stainless steel. While sourcing the valve body in corrosive resistant materials may lead to a high initial investment cost, this is a long-term investment as the valve will typically last the length of the project.
Rupture discs can be manufactured from a range of non-corrosive material such as graphite, hastelloy and tantalum, despite not coming into contact with the process medium. For modern rupture disc designs, in the instance a rupture disc is affected by corrosion, the discs will fail-safe, meaning customers will be made aware there is a potential problem.
Rupture discs can be used in combination with modern burst detection systems to alert of disc failure as a result of corrosion. This allows for a quick review and change out. In addition, double disc assemblies can be used to allow manufacturing to continue until a suitable maintenance schedule is due to take place.
Device installation
For optimum performance, it’s important that the devices are correctly installed. With many incidences reported by the HSE being related to human factors, it is imperative that manufacturers offer designs that irradiate this issue.
Given the design of buckling pins, it is very difficult to install them incorrectly. Commonly, customers have thought rupture disc designs could be installed incorrectly, however, modern solutions have eradicated this problem. With the introduction of a range of installation tools such as disc alignment tags, flange mounted installation locks (fig. 2) and RFID detection, such occurrences are almost eliminated.
Device function
It is widely encouraged to install a burst detection system to work alongside your pressure relief device. This is the only safe and reliable way to get a notification that the product has functioned.
You can clearly see when the buckling pin has been activated, as it has only two conditions: straight and buckled. However, it still relies on an employee noticing this state and doing something about it.
When it comes to rupture discs, listening for the disc burst is not a reliable method. You are therefore encouraged to install burst detection. Modern magnetic and reed switch burst detectors are non-invasive to the process and therefore not subject to spurious alarms, back pressures or damage during installation, unlike original designs. Such detectors give an instantaneous notification of a burst, and can even be wired to a control room to shut down a process as a further safety measure.
This brings numerous advantages, namely helping to get your process started quickly and minimising lost production. Secondly, by stopping the process it ensures that no dangerous gases are leaking into the environment. Thirdly, it enhances overall safety.
Cost of device maintenance
A company’s quality manual will outline the regular and routine maintenance a system requires. Reducing and improving maintenance schedules plays a critical part in improving site efficiencies.
Largely maintenance-free, buckling pins can be inspected without breaking the line. Replacement pins can also be installed in a matter of minutes without disrupting the line.
Inspection of rupture discs involves removing the disc from its holder. However, the introduction of installation tools means quick and simple checks of the rupture disc state can be done without stopping the line, making the maintenance of both solutions equally as rapid and as environmentally friendly. Some rupture discs now come with a standard 3-year warranty, increasing maintenance intervals accordingly.
Rupture discs vs BPRV: the verdict
While some are often overlooked, both rupture discs and buckling pin relief valves offer numerous benefits — but which should you choose?
There are a number of points for consideration, including line size, initial and long-term investment. As modern day designs offer comparable performance characteristics, considerations based on an application would make for a better decision-making process, rather than worrying about these common misconceptions that on the whole have been eradicated through continued advancements.
By:dan.dumeh@gmail.com
In my opinion, I would tend to stick with the Rupture Disc as opposed to the BPRV, but again, one could still argue that rupture discs are delicate and prone to incorrect assembly/age/corrosion and accidental damage(arguably avoidable concerns w.r.t improved designs).
I think that the specific application/scenario under which a pressure safety device is utilised amongst other factors, would to a higher degree, complement its adoption. Which further justifies the following points that come to mind as far as BPRV is concerned?
e.g:-
Ease of use; installation (weight)/monitoring/maintenance/replacement/recertification w.r.t area of application – Some equipment come mounted on skids/frames with tight spaces on locations where such safety devices would go.
Area of use i.e. are we talking pipelines(flowlines) , pressure vessels or specialised self contained systems within a process…field processing plants or temporary DST applications?
Suitability to total load on relief or burner(flare) system downstream of the adopted pressure safety device – how many backpressure nodes are available d/s? Would this affect the adopted device’s (bprv’s) performance.
Could the bprv’s external enclosure be coupled to a HIPPS system by use of a pilot pressure tripping device(pneumatic quick exhaust valve..etc)? Can they be adopted as part of an SIL certified system? How about a DST ESD system?
How does the bprv’s mode of relief, say in the event of an overpressure incident compare to other pressure relief device designs, e.g the pilot operated pressure relief valves? And would Explosive decompression be a factor to consider given its fullbore characteristic (two state positions & fast operation at high volume capacity) as compared to orificed pilot valves.
What about system start up leaks at low pressures? Are these a characteristic of the bprv at downstream process pressures?
How many times can the valve be cycled withou the need for maintenance / redressing/ seal replacement (rotating valve disc bushes/seal wear)? Given that the valves (BPRVs) are not reclosable, should erosional velocties across valves be considered for period of flow post-activation? How rugged are they comparatively?
Given the different designs of bprv’s available, how dependable are the body seals, interface seals utilised in the system or in contact with the process pressure fluid?
How would the bprv handle flow vibrations? It’s reliability i.e. (Euler pin vs Pilot valve/piston vs Rupture disc membrane.)
How does the cost of adoption, installation and monitoring compare to the other pressure safety devices? Not forgeting the technical aftersales support , calibrations and logistics involved.
Process pressure energised sealing on a POPRV,s valve as compared to equivalent force to buckle BPRV,s eueler pin at relatively high pressures(differentials).
Still within the constraints of my opinion, why wouldn’t one stick with a PSE (Rupture Disc) or even a POPRV?
Or even better, why not have the bprv complementing other pressure safety devices within the system e.g. A BPRVset @ 90% System Working Pressure + MAWP Rated Rupture disk mounted side by side (parallel) on a pressure vessel’s relief outlets.
Finally, given the frequent activation/ fast reset advantage characteristic of the BPRV, If we were to use the BPRV instead of the Rupture disc in above example, wouldn’t the system on which the bprv is installed still require a re-certification given the overpressure incident subjected to it?